VSI: Artificial Intelligence and Big Data
Ophthalmology Science has published a special virtual issue featuring Big Data & Artificial Intelligence (AI) articles. The collection includes novel methodologies, such as non-traditional statistical approaches that can be applied to Big Data and machine learning/deep learning studies. Our goal for this special issue is to initiate discussions of current challenges and potential strategies to overcome them. Some examples include standardization of datasets, data sharing processes, data privacy, and obstacles for transferring research findings into clinical care. Understanding both the potential and limitations of Big Data and AI approaches through an array of diverse studies and commentaries is the primary goal of this Ophthalmology Science special issue. We are grateful for authors who submitted to this special collection and we thank our guest editors, James D. Brandt, MD (University of California Davis Medical Center), Aaron Yuntai Lee, MD, MSCI (University of Washington), and Cecilia Lee, MD (University of Washington) for sharing their time and expertise.
Radiomics-Based Assessment of OCT Angiography Images for Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of machine learning (ML) techniques applied to radiomic features extracted from OCT and OCT angiography (OCTA) images for diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and referable DR (R-DR) diagnosis.Deep-Learning–Aided Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy, Age-Related Macular Degeneration, and Glaucoma Based on Structural and Angiographic OCT
Timely diagnosis of eye diseases is paramount to obtaining the best treatment outcomes. OCT and OCT angiography (OCTA) have several advantages that lend themselves to early detection of ocular pathology; furthermore, the techniques produce large, feature-rich data volumes. However, the full clinical potential of both OCT and OCTA is stymied when complex data acquired using the techniques must be manually processed. Here, we propose an automated diagnostic framework based on structural OCT and OCTA data volumes that could substantially support the clinical application of these technologies.Use of Machine Learning to Assess Cataract Surgery Skill Level With Tool Detection
To develop a method for objective analysis of the reproducible steps in routine cataract surgery.Prevalence of and Associated Factors for Eyelid Cancer in the American Academy of Ophthalmology Intelligent Research in Sight Registry
To estimate the prevalence of eyelid cancers in the American Academy of Ophthalmology Intelligent Research in Sight (IRIS) Registry and evaluate the associated factors.Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Diagnosis from Optic Disc Photographs Using a Siamese Network
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness in the United States and worldwide. Although deep learning methods have been proposed to diagnose POAG, these methods all used a single image as input. Contrastingly, glaucoma specialists typically compare the follow-up image with the baseline image to diagnose incident glaucoma. To simulate this process, we proposed a Siamese neural network, POAGNet, to detect POAG from optic disc photographs.Deep Learning Approaches for Predicting Glaucoma Progression Using Electronic Health Records and Natural Language Processing
Advances in artificial intelligence have produced a few predictive models in glaucoma, including a logistic regression model predicting glaucoma progression to surgery. However, uncertainty exists regarding how to integrate the wealth of information in free-text clinical notes. The purpose of this study was to predict glaucoma progression requiring surgery using deep learning (DL) approaches on data from electronic health records (EHRs), including features from structured clinical data and from natural language processing of clinical free-text notes.Improved Training Efficiency for Retinopathy of Prematurity Deep Learning Models Using Comparison versus Class Labels
To compare the efficacy and efficiency of training neural networks for medical image classification using comparison labels indicating relative disease severity versus diagnostic class labels from a retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) image dataset.Image-Based Differentiation of Bacterial and Fungal Keratitis Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Develop computer vision models for image-based differentiation of bacterial and fungal corneal ulcers and compare their performance against human experts.
